symbolic execution vs fuzzing

Papers I have read recently differentiate symbolic execution from fuzzing by saying the former has significantly more overhead / runs more slowly. This chapter provides an implementation of a symbolic fuzzing engine SymbolicFuzzer. Manage state explosion by concretizing some parts of input known to be uninteresting (i.e. RT2007 Page 2 November 2007 Acknowledgments Most of this talk presents recent results of joint work with Michael Y. Levin and David Molnar, Symbolic execution is an adjunct to concrete execution Concolic execution is slower than fuzzing executing each test cycle, because concolic execution needs to interpret application code while a fuzzer natively executes a program (i.e. Main Contributions. The time per executed path is higher than fuzzing but the aid of a solver allows for a smaller number of runs. Symbolic Execution programs exist that work with binaries as well as with source code -- one such program called Sage was developed by Microsoft. Symbolic execution and fuzz testing are effective approaches for program analysis, thanks to their evolving path exploration approaches. There is no serious disagreement that symbolic execution has a remarkable potential for programatically detecting broad classes of security vulnerabilities in modern software. Home Browse by Title Proceedings Foundations and Practice of Security: 14th International Symposium, FPS 2021, Paris, France, December 710, 2021, Revised Selected Papers A Tight Integration of Symbolic Execution and Fuzzing (Short Paper) Ok, how much do you want me to repeat what I and you just said: "only works for small programs at all"; if you understand the difference between fuzzing and symbolic backtracking, you'll notice that of course symbolic backtracking only works if all involved parts work as expected - but with fuzzing you might trigger behaviour if a program execution leads Tasks We higly recommen you use teams of 2 or 3 to work on the tutorials. Fuzzing, in comparison, is an extremely crude tool: its the banging-two-rocks-together way of doing business, as contrasted with brain surgery. We tackled the harder problem and produced two production-quality bug-finding systems: GRR, a high-throughput fuzzer, and PySymEmu (PSE), a binary symbolic executor with support for concrete inputs. Automated input generation Automated oracles Robustness / How they create input to programs are different. Random Fuzzing vs. Use the code itself to guide the fuzzing Encode security/safety properties as assertions Explore program paths on which assertions occur Steps involved 1. Random mutational fuzz testing

Func-tion get_length The proposed approaches will be implemented on top of state-of-the-art tools like AFL and Symbolic PathFinder to evaluate them against existent work. 3 Motivation S N NG n x ss x s x y n x y x e n y x l x l n x s x s x y s e- g k- g g g g R. 4 Defensive programming Fuzz testing vs. than existing fuzzing and symbolic execution tools for Ethereum, e.g., it discovers roughly 2more Leaking vulnerabilities than Ma-ian [42], a tool based on symbolic execution. Essentially, a symbolic emulator is a CPU emulator that not only supports operations on concrete numeric values but also on abstract values that may represent a range of concrete values. This problem also occurs in symbolic execution. - GitHub - jianyu-niu/blockchain_conference_paper: The existing blockchain-related academic papers. The existing blockchain-related academic papers. The fuzzer uses symbolic execution to exhaustively explore paths in the program to a limited depth, and generate inputs that will reach these paths. View lec 20 Symbolic Execution and Whitebox Fuzzing.pdf from CS 6V81--005 at University of Texas, Dallas. Programming in a symbolic computing system (e.g. The cutting-edge of this technique combines both fuzzing with Symbolic Execution (SE). . Symbolic Execution We talk about securing software by program analysis. TaintScope can further x checksum elds in malformed test cases by using dynamic symbolic execution. In computer science, symbolic execution (also symbolic evaluation or symbex) is a means of analyzing a program to determine what inputs cause each part of a program to execute. An interpreter follows the program, assuming symbolic values for inputs rather than obtaining actual inputs as normal execution of the program would.

At each loop iteration (lines 623), the function decodes the length of the current data element with get_length (line 8). Approaches based on symbolic execution are fighting instead to improve the scalability of the underlying analysis, proposing to use, e.g., concolic-based solutions and approximate constraint solvers. Directed greybox fuzzing is an augmented fuzzing technique intended for the targeted usages such as crash reproduction and proof-of-concept generation, which gives directedness to fuzzing by driving the seeds toward the designated program locations called target sites. Preparation First, we are going to use Angr to perform symbolic execution to automatically solve the challenges from lab1. Kifferet al.. IMC 18 ~120K contracts ~16K clusters. Fuzzing and symbolic execution are two complementary techniques for discovering software vulnerabilities. It thus arrives at expressions in terms of those symbols for expressions and Component(s): Lecture. Dynamically generate new tests using a combination of both approaches. Fuzzing can quickly explore the input space at nearly native speed, but it is only good Figure 1: Newly found line coverage of popular open-source software by state-of-the-art concolic executors, Driller and S2E, and our system, QSYM, until they saturated. talk I will discuss Zest, a semantic fuzzing technique that combines input generators with coverage-guided fuzzing to reliably nd semantic bugs in programs. Previous work has proved that symbolic execution is still difficult to scale up to large applications ( Bhme et al. Lab3: Symbolic Execution and Fuzzing; View page source; Lab3: Symbolic Execution and Fuzzing We will reuse the same challenges from lab1. 2. Setup Combine symbolic execution with evolutionary fuzzing E.g., Driller Mayhem: Combine online symbolic execution and concrete reexecution Perform online symbolic execution in BFS fashion When it reaches a limit, store the symbolic states on disk Pick one state to continue. The fuzzing engine performs coverage-based fuzz testing, and shares the already explored path information with the symbolic execution engine. Context. Since fuzzing and symbolic execution could be seen as complementary analyses, several works have built on the idea of hybrid fuzzing, i.e., effective Abstract: Recent years have witnessed a wide array of results in software testing, exploring different approaches and methodologies ranging from fuzzers to symbolic engines, with a full spectrum of instances in between such as concolic execution and hybrid fuzzing. Furthermore symbolic execution suffers from state explosion which means the number of paths grows exponentially when concolic execution explores possible programs For a given path, check if there are inputs that cause a violation of the security property Label propagation: when labels (symbolic expressions) merge, we create a new expression that combines the results according to the operation. A fuzzing tool can be used to create a test case and send malformed or random inputs to fuzz targets. execution. All these combinations try to combine the strengths of fuzzing and symbolic execution in order to overcome their weaknesses. 10 Software Testing Input Observed Behavior Oracle Outcome Test Suite Test 1 Input Oracle Test 2 Input Oracle Test 3 Input Oracle Test 4 Input Oracle Test 5 Input Oracle Test 6 Input Oracle Test 7 Input Oracle The most common way of measuring & ensuring correctness Key Issues: Are the tests adequate? To summarize, our main contributions are: A new fuzzing approach based on learning to imitate a symbolic execution expert. bilities in programs using a combination of fuzzing and targeted symbolic. Mutation-based fuzzers are one of the easier types to create and are not aware of the expected input format, Peach [1] can make mutation-based fuzzing. The main features for which you might use other toolkits are mainly deployment which is not supported by Foundry so far. W e describ e a novel c ompositional fuzzing technique for nding vulnera-. Find inputs going down different execution paths 2. As opposed to traditional fuzzers, which generate inputs without taking code structure into account, Fuzzing. To capture this idea, we define the term fuzzing as follows. Concolic execution, which we saw in action earlier in the week, uses symbolic execution to uncover constraints and pass them to a solver. In this paper we describe Badger - a new hybrid approach for complexity analysis, with the goal of discovering vulnerabilities which Write those down at each program line given in the rst column. Symbolic execution described since mid-seventies (James C. King 1976, others) program is executed by a special interpreter, using symbolic inputs results in symbolic execution tree each branch: path condition as formula over symbolic variables tree traversal stops when path condition becomesunsatisable Can be used to: attaining high coverage Instead of mutating based on valid inputs, generation-based fuzzing generates inputs from scratch based solution proposals with symbolic execution and fuzzing at their centre. Please leave anonymous comments for the current page, to improve the search results or fix bugs with a displayed article! All papers are sorted according to the conference and published year. Search: Minecraft Server Vulnerabilities. When a path terminates or hits a bug, a test case can be generated by Fuzzing. using traditional fuzzing or symbolic execution approaches). Our great sponsors. Symbolic Execution

1 Dynamic Symbolic Execution Combines concrete execution with symbolic execution Automatically explore program execution space Has important applications Program Testing and Analysis Automatic test case generation Given an initial test case, find a variant that executes a different path Computer Security Fig. With symbolic execution, the source code is executed with symbolic values instead of actual ones, meaning that the instances can be picked at the end of the analysis.

Wildfire finds vulnerabilities by fuzzing isolated functions in a C-program and, then, using targeted symbolic execution it determines the feasibility of exploitation for these vulnerabilities. Label interpretation: in symbolic execution, the label of a variable is its symbolic expression. Symbolic execution tends to be much more computationally expensive compared to fuzz-testing; as a result, code tends to be fuzz-tested first and analyzed via symbolic execution afterwards. Definition 1 (Fuzzing). CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): Random mutational fuzz testing (fuzzing) and symbolic executions are program testing techniques that have been gaining popularity in the security research community. We implemented our approach for the analysis of Java programs, based on Kelinci and Symbolic PathFinder. CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): Random mutational fuzz testing (fuzzing) and symbolic executions are program testing techniques that have been gaining popularity in the security research community. Correct execution of the transformed program implies the optimality of the solution to the original optimization problem. Specically, TaintScope has the following features. Electronic Theses and Dissertations for Graduate School. Oyente is a symbolic execution tool that aims at finding potential security bugs. But symbolic execution is a much wider technique, that can be used in program verification tasks amongst other things as well. 14 In the symbolic analysis procedure, we employ dynamic execution to track the traversed nodes. The symbolic execution community has gained prominence with the development of mature tools like KLEE. Background Symbolic Execution Whitebox Fuzzing CS 6V81-05: System Security and Malicious Code Symbolic execution generates so-called seeds (test inputs) covering as many execution paths as possible, by analyzing each of them symbolically, in order to infer a corresponding path constraints that is then solved by an o -the-shelf solver. In programming and software development, fuzzing or fuzz testing is an automated software testing technique that involves providing invalid, unexpected, or random data as inputs to a computer program. Angr is not the fastest but its based on python, so its easy to use. To prevent this, we could disable checksum logic in the program before analysis. manipulate symbolic values. Administrivia Three more labs! Fuzzing and symbolic execution, complementary to each other, are two effective techniques in software testing. Home; About; Add My Work; Log In The fuzz testing community has seen an explosion of works in the recent years, starting with the work of AFLFast which studies the science behind greybox fuzzing. For managing deployments, the standard toolkit is HardHat. Meanwhile the SBST community has also developed mature technologies like Evosuite. Currently, most test generation techniques and tools studied by researchers and applied in industry rely on some form of either symbolic execution [2, 9, 11] or fuzzing [12, 13].Symbolic execution generates so-called seeds (test inputs) covering as many execution paths as SonarLint - Clean code begins in your IDE with SonarLint Scout APM - Less time debugging, more time building SaaSHub - Software Alternatives and Reviews Our great sponsors. We discuss about fuzzing techniques and symbolic execution, their advantages and disadvantages and about hybrid approaches. Hybrid fuzzers combine both coverage-guided fuzzing and concolic execution, bringing in the big guns (concolic) when the fuzzer gets stuck. An alternative to symbolic execution is fuzzing (also called fuzz-testing). The cutting-edge of this technique combines both fuzzing with Symbolic Execution (SE). There is no better feeling in the software-engineering universe, and frankly fuzzing with a strong oracle (like symbolic checking or differential execution fuzzing) is probably the second-strongest assurance one will get that ones code is correct (with respect to the spec implied by the testcase generator and oracles, mind!) Symbolic execution explores/checks just two conditions Fuzzing requires 256 times (by scanning values from 0 to 256) What if fuzzer is an order of magnitude faster (say, 10k times)? Dear Colleagues, During the last two decades, a large body of works in software testing and software security have proposed approaches based on fuzzing and symbolic execution. To do so, solve the path It extracted the control map from the EVM Bytecode of the contract and found potential vulnerabilities in the contract by executing a control map. shallow branches. Fuzzing aims to detect known, unknown, and zero-day vulnerabilities. We modified SPF by adding a mixed concrete-symbolic execution mode, similar to concolic execution [27] which allows us to import the inputs generated on the fuzzing side and quickly reconstruct the symbolic Nowadays much attention is paid to the threat of vulnerabilities on the software security. FuSeBMC is a novel Energy-Efficient Test Generator that exploits fuzzing and BMC engines to detect security vulnerabilities in real-world C programs. ration in symbolic execution. 0. Fuzzing takes a randomized approach: instead of trying to carefully reason about what inputs will trigger different code paths in the application, fuzzing involves constructing concrete random inputs to the program and checking how the program behaves. In this thesis, we present our attempt to attain the best of both worlds by combining fuzzing with symbolic execution in a novel manner. Combining coverage-based fuzzing with symbolic execution. Map2Check: Using Symbolic Execution and Fuzzing (Competition Contribution) Herbert Rocha1, Rafael Menezes3, Lucas C. Cordeiro2, and Raimundo Barreto3 1Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Roraima, Roraima, Brazil herbert.rocha@ufrr.br 2Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom MAPLE). We evaluate on 13 vulnerabilities in 8 large program binaries with 6 separate le formats and found that MoWF exposes all vulnerabilities while both, traditional whitebox fuzzing and model-based blackbox fuzzing, expose only less than half, respectively. It finds known vulnerabilities and generates a detailed report with a summary of all the issues, including the source lines where they can be found. Different ideas have been proposed to impro ve the ef- Our technique, called hybrid fuzzing, rst uses symbolic execution to discover frontier nodes that represent unique paths in the program. Use the code itself to guide the fuzzing Encode security/safety properties as assertions Explore program paths on which assertions occur Steps involved 1. higher speed than the symbolic executor as shown in Figure 1.1. Automatic test generation is a major topic in software engineering and security.

klee.github.io. In fact, LibFuzzer was much faster thanks to lots of heuristics! symbolic execution low high bad fuzzing high high good Fuzzers include three categories: mutation-based, generation-based and evolutionary. A key ingredient of many of these tools is Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers, which are dynamic symbolic execution engine to get more coverage. Lec09: Fuzzing and Symbolic Execution Taesoo Kim 1. Slides for this session: slides. Triton klee; Project: 2: Mentions 2: 2,382: Stars 1,998- After the rst branch, also write down the path condition under which the program has executed along this path. As an example, consider the function gcd(), computing the greatest common divisor of a and b: Line Concrete execution Symbolic execution Path condition Notes: Students who have received credit for MAST 332 may not take this course for credit. Abstract: Hybrid testing approaches that involve fuzz testing and symbolic execution have shown promising results in achieving high code coverage, uncovering subtle errors and vulnerabilities in a variety of software applications. most recent commit 5 months ago Kinetic 21 For testing, gas optimization features, fuzzing, symbolic execution (hevm), etc, do use Foundry. All papers are sorted according to the conference and published year. Therefore, Badger uses fuzzing and symbolic execution in tandem, to leverage their benefits and overcome their weaknesses.

Classic Symbolic Execution --- Practical Issues (possible solutions) Infinite execution tree Finitize paths by limiting the PC size (bounded verification) Use loop invariants (verification) Path explosion Select next branch at random Select next branch based on coverage Interleave symbolic execution with random testing than existing fuzzing and symbolic execution tools for Ethereum, e.g., it discovers roughly 2more Leaking vulnerabilities than Ma-ian [42], a tool based on symbolic execution. An interpreter follows the program, assuming symbolic values for inputs rather than obtaining actual inputs as normal execution of the program would. including NSA code-breaking challenge! 2017 ). We summarize the main techniques integrated in fuzzing in Table 5. For each technique, we list some of the representative work in the table. Both traditional techniques, including static analysis, taint analysis, code instrumentation and symbolic execution, and some relatively new techniques, like machine learning techniques, are used. Symbolic execution tends to be much more computationally expensive compared to fuzz-testing; as a result, code tends to be fuzz-tested first and analyzed via symbolic execution afterwards. DeepState is a Google Test- Find inputs going down different execution paths 2. Imitation Learning 6

Please submit your working exploits for previous weeks! A Symbolic Execution State (SES) is a triple ( Constr , Store , PC ) of (1) a set of path constraints Constr \subseteq Fml , the path condition, (2) a mapping Store \in SymStores of program variables to symbolic expressions, the symbolic store, and (3) a program counter PC pointing to the next statement to execute. For symbolic execution we use Symbolic PathFinder (SPF), a symbolic execution tool for Java bytecode [26]. If the fuzzing falls into low-speed or blocked states, a symbolic analysis procedure is invoked to generate a new input which can help the fuzzing jump out of the trap. Fuzzing Fuzzing ( Sutton et al. While fuzzing can be thought of as brute force mutational input testing, SE can look at the execution context of program and discover interesting paths for analysis which fuzzing by itself would have difficulty making progress against. the table below with the values of the variables x and y for the concrete and symbolic execution of the program.

2007) is currently the most popular vulnerability discovery technique. A different enhancement to mutation-based fuzzing is generation-based fuzzing. The program is then monitored for exceptions such as crashes, failing built-in code assertions, or potential memory leaks. Fuzzing finds bugs in a target program by natively executing it with random inputs while mon-itoring the execution for in software: namely, coverage-guided fuzzing [13] and concolic execution [4, 5]. Symbolic Execution programs exist that work with binaries as well as with source code -- one such program called Sage was developed by Microsoft. From my perspective, symbolic execution utilizes a form of "targeted fuzzing" that specifically hits certain symbolic values. Fuzzing finds bugs in a target program by natively executing it with random inputs while mon-itoring the execution for Description: Symbolic computation and its use in pure and applied mathematics, in particular in algebra, number theory, cryptography, coding theory, and combinatorics. Kushida J, Hara A and Takahama T Cartesian Genetic Programming with Module Mutation for Symbolic Regression 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), (159-164) Yoon J and DeBiase M Real-Time Analysis of Big Network Packet Streams by Learning the Likelihood of Trusted Sequences Big Data BigData 2018, (43-56) To summarize, our main contributions are: A new fuzzing approach based on learning to imitate a symbolic execution expert. Retina CS Enterprise Vulnerability Management has included advanced VMware auditing capabilities for some time, including virtual machine discovery and scanning through a cloud connection, plus the ability to scan ESX and ESXi hosts using SSH The goal is to gain limited privilege access via web vulnerabilities and 2.Peter Goodman DeepState This talk will be about how to bring fuzzing and symbolic execution to the ngertips of developers via unit testing. This thesis presents the attempt to attain the best of both worlds by combining fuzzing with symbolic execution in a novel manner, called hybrid fuzzing, which supports programs with linear path predicates and can automatically generate preconditioned random inputs from a polytope model of the input space extracted from binaries. In our method, Papers I have read recently differentiate symbolic execution from fuzzing by saying the former has significantly more overhead / runs more slowly. It defines the growth rate of path coverage to measure the current state of fuzzing. While fuzzing can be thought of as brute force mutational input testing, SE can look at the execution context of program and discover interesting paths for analysis which fuzzing by itself would have difficulty making progress against. Symbolic Execution FuzzingFuzzingFuzzingFuzzing It can be implemented using symbolic execution. We tackled the harder problem and produced two production-quality bug-finding systems: GRR, a high-throughput fuzzer, and PySymEmu (PSE), a binary symbolic executor with support for concrete inputs. Checksum-Aware Fuzzing Combined with Dynamic Taint Analysis and Symbolic Execution 15:3 bypasschecksum-based integrity checks, and to directmalformedtest case generation. Fuzzing or fuzz testing is a dynamic application security testing technique for negative testing. Both paths can be symbolically executed independently. When paths terminate (e.g., as a result of executing fail () or simply exiting), symbolic execution computes a concrete value for by solving the accumulated path constraints on each path.

The state-of-the-art symbolic execution and fuzzing techniques are able to generate valid program inputs to satisfy the conditional statements. For a given path, check if there are inputs that cause a violation of the security property Symbolic Execution --- History 1976: A system to generate test data and symbolically execute programs (Lori Clarke) 1976: Symbolic execution and program testing (James King) 2005-present: practical symbolic execution Using SMT solvers Heuristics to control exponential explosion Heap modeling and reasoning about pointers Conditions on these symbolic values are collected along the way and expressed in mathematical language. There are approaches on how to combine fuzzing with symbolic execution for test case generation [6, 8, 11], above all Driller [24] that combines the AFLfuzzer with the angrsymbolic execution en-gine. Main Contributions. Label source: in test case generation, we mark input bytes as symbolic. As well as whitebox fuzzing, symbolic emulators are fairly useful things for a variety of reverse engineering, vulnerability discovery and program analysis tasks. Our experiments also demonstrate that MoWF Fuzzing Symbolic execution Hybrid approaches. 2 shows the general architecture of a hybrid testing approach based on fuzz testing and symbolic execution. Wildfire finds vulnerabilities by fuzzing isolated functions in a C-program and, then, using targeted symbolic execution it determines the feasibility of exploitation for these vulnerabilities. Fuzzing process is often guided to cover more code and discover bugs faster, thus path execution information is required. Instrumentation technique is used to record the path execution and calculate the coverage information in coverage based fuzzing. A Deep Dive into the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) - Part 3 Execution Model of the EVM; A Deep Dive into the Ethereum Virtual Machine - Part 4 The EVM and High-Level Programming Languages; Build your very own self-hosting platform with Raspberry Pi and Kubernetes Welcome developers or researchers to add more published papers to this list. We omit PC if it is empty. Source Code. Symbolic Execution Imitation Learning based Fuzzer ILF (this work) Fast Effective High Random Fuzzing Symbolic Execution Speed Inputs Coverage Fast Ineffective Effective Slow Low Low 5-Analyzing Ethereums Contract Topology. ILF (for Imitation Learning based Fuzzer) is effective, it is fast, generating 148 transactions per second, it outperforms existing fuzzers, and it detects more vulnerabilities than existing fuzzing and symbolic execution tools for Ethereum. While executing p, collect a symbolic formula f which captures the set of all inputs which execute path p in program P. f is the path condition of path p traced by input i. Symbolic execution is a (not necessarily "the") technique to implement fuzzing. It can handle complex branch conditions, but its much slower. Fuzzing is fast and From my perspective, symbolic execution utilizes a form of "targeted fuzzing" that specifically hits certain symbolic values. Fuzzing is a way to findinputs that might lead programs to crash or exhibit unwanted behavior. MythX is an automated security analysis tool that performs static analysis, dynamic analysis, and symbolic execution. the-art symbolic execution engine KLEE [11] fails to identify the vulnerability due to path explosion.

Fuzzing relies on massive and cheap seeds generation.

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